Jason Massey, K. Nicole Power, Ian Manners*, and Mitchell A. Winnik* Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.

The novel organometallic-inorganic diblock copolymer, poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) - b - poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PFS-b-PDMS) forms long rod-like micelles in hexane solution. When the solvent is evaporated, Transmission Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy showed that individual cylindrical micellar structures form with the iron-rich, organometallic PFS core encased in a sheath (corona) of PDMS. Both Static and Dynamic Light Scattering were used to establish that the micelles are flexible rods. The as-prepared sample possessed an aggregation number of ca. 2000 polymer molecules. Ultrasonication in hexanes led to the generation of short cylinders with an aggregation number of ca. 700. As PFS can be oxidized to a semiconductive state and PDMS is an insulator these rod like micellar structures have the potential to function as nanoscale self-insulated wires.

11:00-11:20 1,2,3-Dithiazole Heterocycle: Synthesis and Application in Materials Chemistry

T. M. Barclay and A. W. Cordes, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701 U.S.A.; L. Beer, R. T. Oakley, K. E. Preuss and R. W. Reed, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1.

The Herz reaction, the cyclocondensation of an aromatic amine with sulfur monochloride, provides a useful route to benzo-1,2,3-dithiazolylium salts. The reaction of aromatic and heterocyclic diamines with sulfur halides can be used to generate bis-1,2,3-dithiazoles. Nucleophilic substitution at the two carbons of Appel's Salt provides a second synthetic route to bis-1,2,3-dithiazoles. Here we report the preparation of bis-1,2,3-dithiazoles bridged with benzene and unbridged. The electrochemistry of these compounds will be described, along with analyses of the ESR spectra of their radical cations. These bis-1,2,3-dithiazole derivatives are potential precursors for novel radical ion conductors and magnetic materials. A comparison of the X-ray crystal structures of the neutral compounds and those of a variety of the radical cation salts will also be presented.

11:20-11:40 Carbon Chains and Metallo-Element Clusters - Components for use in a Molecular Electronics Kit

Paul J. Low, Pikka Lam, Roger Rousseau, John Tse, Gary D. Enright, Konstantin A. Udachin, Daniel D.M. Wayner and Arthur J. Carty. Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, K1A 0R6 and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6

The demand for ever smaller electronic components has given rise to the field of Molecular Electronics as a new, multi-disciplinary science. In contrast to the conventional approaches of microtechnology, in which components are made increasingly smaller, molecular electronics seeks to build electronic devices through the connection of molecules with specific electronic properties. Transition metal complexes and clusters are crucial components of a "molecular electronics kit" due to the unique abilities of these species to adopt a range of oxidation states and to interplay with light. This presentation will attempt to address two of the fundamental questions in molecular electronics, these being "how do we connect molecular components?" and "what happens when we do?!"

11:40-12:00 Magnetic Properties of One Dimensional Cu(II) Chain Systems

Christopher A. White,^a Glenn P.A. Yap,^a N.P. Raju,^b J.E. Greedan^b and Robert J. Crutchley^{a*. a}Ottawa-Carleton Chemistry Institute, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6. ^bBrockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster Univeristy, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1.

12:00-2:00 LUNCH

2:00-2:20 Towards the design of metallophthalocyanines exhibiting concerted two-electron redox processes

A. B. P. Lever, Dept. of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ont. M3J 1P3.

Metallophthalocyanines (MPc) deposited onto graphite substrates have been intensively investigated as sensors for a surprisingly wide range of targets in the environmental, medical and analytical fields. Many of these targets, such as, for example, CO₂ reduction, proceed by a multi-electron/multi-proton mechanism. However all of the MPc electrocatalysts operate by a one-electron mechanistic pathway. We plan to design two-electron MPc electrocatalysts and discuss here how the design of such species might be approached.

2:20-2:40 Charge Transfer Bands in the Highly Resolved Absorption Spectra of Osmium(VI) Oxo Complexes: Low-Temperature Spectra and Calculations

Myriam Triest, Benoit Cromp, Tucker Carrington Jr., Christian Reber Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal (Québec), Canada H3C 3J7

To understand the special features in the charge transfer bands in the high resolution polarized absorption spectra of trans-OsO₂(oxalate)₂^2- and OsO₂(malonate)₂^2- we need to look at several exited states, their symmetry and the intensity mechanisms involved. By using our recently developed calculation method for absorption spectra, we are able to derive a detailed model of the electronic states from the observed vibronic progressions, including bond lengths of the complex in crystal field and charge transfer excited states.

2:40-3:00 Electrochemical Studies of Transition Metal Functionalized CdS Nanoclusters: Conclusive Evidence of Cluster Core Mediated Electronic Communication of Isolated Surface Sites

J.G.C. Veinot, J. Galloro, W. J. Pietro, Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario, M3J 3K9.

Recently, semiconductor nanocrystals have been the focus of extensive investigation because of their unique optical and electronic properties. It is these distinctive characteristics, arising from the quantum confinement effect, that have lead to the hypothesis that these novel materials may have potential application to molecular electronic devices. To date, it has not yet been demonstrated that electronic communication may be effectively mediated by a semiconductor nanocluster. In this contribution we present conclusive evidence that electronic communication moderated by a CdS core is indeed possible. A study of the dependance of the Ru(II/III) oxidation potential of a novel polypyridyl complex covalently bound to the cluster via an ester linkage on the electronic properties of the cluster surface has lead to a fundamental understanding of the electronic structure of semiconductor nanoclusters.

3:00-3:20 The Ba(1-x)Sn(x)Cl(1+y)F(1-y) Solid Solution: The First Time Incorporation of Divalent Tin in the PbClF Type Structure, and the Very Rare Occurrence of the Sn²⁺ Ion in a Chloride Fluoride Matrix

BaClF crystallizes in the PbClF structure, which is a tetragonal distortion of the CaF₂ fluorite type, due to order between chloride and fluoride ion layers. In our search for new materials by reactions of SnF₂ and BaCl₂ in aqueous solutions, a non-stoichiometric Ba(1-x)Sn(x)Cl(1+y)F(1-y) solid solution was obtained. By direct reaction of SnF₂, BaF₂ and BaCl₂ at high temperature, a much wider solid solution was obtained. The materials show no sign of order between Sn and Ba, or between the two anions, other than that already observed in unsubstituted BaClF. Depending on the x substitution ratio of Ba by Sn, three regions are observed regarding the tin situation : 0<x<0.15: Sn²⁺ ions only, 0.15<x<0.22: Sn²⁺ ions and Sn(II) covalent, x>0.22: very soft lattice. Oxidation on aging at RT will also be discussed.

3:20-3:40 COFFEE BREAK

3:40-4:00 Synthesis and Applications of Functionalized Neutral Framework Nanoporous Oxides

L. Mercier, R. Richer, J. Brown and V. Bell, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ont. P3E 2C6 and T.J. Pinnavaia, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Fundamental Materials Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823 (USA)

The synthesis of functional mesostructured materials has burgeoned since the initial discovery of the M41S class of mesoporous molecular sieves (including MCM-41) by Mobil Corporation scientists. Although most synthesis startegies producing these materials utilize electrically charged quaternary alkylammonium surfactant micelles as templating agents, recent advancements in the field have promoted the use of neutral and non-ionic surfactants (such as primary alkylamines and alkylpolyethyleneoxides, respectively) as alternative structure-directing agents. This presentation will focus on the use of non-electrostatic surfactant assembly pathways for the preparation of chemically functionalized nanostructured silica, featuring the functional and synthetic advantages of the technique as compared to electrostatic assembly. Applications of these materials as heavy metal ion adsorbents will also be discussed.

4:00-4:20 Towards the Structural Elucidation of Novel Transition Metal Fullerides

D.M. Thompson, M. Bengough, M.C. Baird, Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6

Our research has primarily been concerned with the reaction of first row transition metal carbonylate anions with C₆₀. It has been observed that this results in electron transfer from the metal to C₆₀, and the coordination of the metal to the generated fulleride. The presence of a long suspected transition metal carbonyl fulleride species in solution has now been confirmed using electrospray mass spectrometry. More recently, we have substituted phosphine ligands for the carbonyl ligands, which stabilize the negative charge of our starting anions, in the hopes of generating products more amenable to solution by x-ray diffraction. Another method we have been pursuing in hopes of achieving the same goal has been to substitute bulky cations for the alkali metal counterions previously employed to balance the charge in our system. X-ray crystallography is currently underway to determine the structures of these novel compounds.

4:20-4:40 Towards Nanotechnological Materials: Counter Cation Induced Linear Assemblies of Anionic Supramolecular Clusters as Observed and Defined by Multiple Electrospray Mass Spectroscopy

Christian Brückner, Stefan König, Dana L. Caulder, Kenneth N. Raymond, and Julie A. Leary, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, U.S.A.

Nanotechnology aims at the creation and use of materials and processes on the nanometer scale with atomic precision. We have recently derived a symmetry-based explanation for the formation of natural clusters of high symmetry, and we have applied this concept to the rational design and synthesis of catecholate-based M_xL_y-type self-assembly clusters of overall tetrahedral or helical shape. Some of the cluster are in the nanometer range.

We now present evidence for the counter-cation induced aggregation of 2-5 such clusters into linear assemblies under the conditions of electronspray mass spectrometry. Multiple electronspray experiments were performed to assign unambigiously the stoichiometry of these assemblies. The data will be correlated with solid state evidence for the proposed interactions.

Tory Building Room 261

10:40-11:00 Ethylene Polymerization using bis(ketenimine) complexes of Zr

Rainer Vollmerhaus, Marufir Rahim, Shixuan Xin and Scott Collins,* Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1

11:00-11:20 Mixed Ligand Tin Chalcogenido Complexes with (Surprising?) Catalytic Properties

Stephen R. Foley, Darrin S. Richeson, and Glenn P. A. Yap. University of Ottawa.

Mixed ligand tin amido-amidinato complexes react with elemental sulfur to afford the corresponding tetrathiolanes. Reactions with sulfur atom sources afford the corresponding sulfur bridged dimers. The tetrathiolanes can be quantitatively converted to the sulfur bridged dimers via desulfurization with triphenylphosphine. In an attempt to isolate the proposed [Sn=S] intermediate in the desulfurization reaction, the surprising catalytic trimerization of phenyl isocyanate was observed.

11:20-11:40 Vanadium Catalyzed Ethylene-Propylene Copolymerization: the Question of the Metal Oxidation State in Ziegler-Natta Polymerization

Damien Reardon, Yinlin Ma, Françoise Conan, Sandro Gambarotta*, Hayder Zahalka*¹Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. ¹Bayer Inc. R & D, Sarnia, Ontario, Canada

11:40-12:00 Transition Metal-Catalyzed Polymerization of [1]Silaferrocenophanes: A Look at how Mechanistic Studies can lead to Molecular Weight and Architectural Control

K. Temple,^a P. Gómez-Elipe,^a A. J. Lough,^a J. B. Sheridan^b* and I. Mannersa*^a aUniversity of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6. ^bRutgers, the State University of New Jersey, University Heights, Newark, NJ, 07102, U.S.A.

Since the early 1990s, we have been interested in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of [1]silaferrocenophanes (1). These strained monomers readily undergo both thermal and anionic ROPs. In efforts to discover a milder and more convenient route, the potential catalytic activity of late transition metal complexes was investigated. Thus, in 1996 we and Tanaka and co-workers independently reported the ambient temperature transition metal-catalyzed ROP of 1 to yield high molecular weight poly(ferrocenylsilanes). This talk will explore efforts to elucidate the underlying mechanism and how such studies permitted molecular weight and architectural control.

Sheridan, J. B., Temple, K., Lough, A. J., Manners, I. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1997, 711.

Gomez-Elipe, P., Resendes, R., Macdonald, P. M., Manners, I. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 8348.

12:00-2:00 LUNCH

2:00-2:20 An H/D Exchange Study of the Mechanism of Titanocene Catalyzed Hydrosilation of Pydridine

Ronghua Shu and John F. Harrod, Chemistry Department, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 2K6

Dimethyltitanocene (DMT) catalyses the hydrosilation of pyridine by PhMeSiH₂. This is the first known example of the hydrosilation of an aromatic molecule. The results of a number of experiments including (i) reaction of C₅D₅N with PhMeSiH₂ in the presence of DMT, (ii) reaction of 2-MeC₅H₄N with PhMeSiD₂ in the presence of DMT and (iii) reaction of C₅D₅N with H₂ in the presence of [Cp₂TiH]₂ will be described. The implication of the results for understanding the mechanism of DMT catalysed hydrosilation of pyridine will be discussed

Kevin Bunten, David Farrar, Anthony Poë. Department of Chemistry, Lash Miller Building, 80 St. George St., University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3H6

2:40-3:00 The Synthesis and Characterization of Dimetallic Receptors

G. J. Davidson, G. S. Hanan^* and N.J. Taylor. Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W. Waterloo, ON. Canada N2L 3G1

Our goal is to investigate coordination polymers as possible receptors for the reversible sorbing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To understand the physical properties of the polymers a detailed analysis of the individual subunit is required. To this end we have prepared dimetallic receptors that are analogous to the repeating units of the polymers. Each repeat unit consist of two metal ions separated by rigid ligands that delineate the cavity. The ligands incorporate inwardly directed functional groups. (e.g., CO₂H, NH₂) that are used to bind VOCs.

3:00-3:20 Blue Luminescent Organoboron Compounds B₂(O)(7-azain)₂Ph₂ and B₃O₃Ph₃(7-azain), 7-azain = 7-Azaindole Anion

Q. G. Wu, M. Esteghamatian, S. Wang. Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6 and Xerox research center of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, L5K 2L1

3:20-3:40 COFFEE BREAK

3:40-4:00 Formation of Microporous Salts from 1B and 3B Cations with Heteropoly Oxometalates

M.A. Parent² and J.B. Moffat^{1 1}Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1. ²Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6

Heteropoly oxometalates, commonly referred to as metal-oxygen cluster compounds (MOCC), are known to be active as either acid or oxidation-reduction catalysts, dependent on their elemental composition. Modifications by replacement of protons in heteropoly acids such as 12-tungstophosphoric acid (H₃PW₁₂O₄₀), 12-molybdophosphoric acid (H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀), and 12-tungstosilicic acid (H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀), by monovalent cations of silver and thallium, of groups 1B and 3B respectively, generates a microporous structure. This has been confirmed by an analysis of nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, while the integrity of the Keggin lattice has been verified by powder XRD patterns and IR spectroscopy. Isolation of these heteropoly salts was carried out by a filtration method, rather than the commonly used technique of evaporation. As a result, effects on the microporous structure have been minimized when nonstoichiometric amounts of the cation were used in the synthesis of the salt.

4:00-4:20 Iron Dinitrosyl Systems

Nada Reginato, Michael Urschey, Lijuan Li. Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1.

A series of mono- and bis-(irondinitrosylcarbonyl)diphosphine compounds has been prepared using irondinitrosyldicarbonyl(0) as starting material and the DPPX family of ligands (DPP=diphenylphosphino, X=CH₂, (CH₂)₆, benzene and acetylene). The compounds bis(diphenylphosphino)methane-1-carbonyldinitrosyliron(0), [Fe(NO)₂(CO)]DPPM [1], m-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane-1,3-bis[carbonyldinitrosyliron(0)], [Fe(NO)₂(CO)]₂m-DPPM [2], and m-bis(diphenylphosphino)acetylene-1,4-bis[carbonyldinitrosyliron(0)], [Fe(NO)₂(CO)]₂m-DPPA [3] have been characterized by a combination of techniques including IR- and NMR- spectroscopy. Polymerizations of these compounds have been tried following a relatively simple approach and many products have been obtained which show evidence for polymeric structure but could not be completely characterized due to their extremely low solubility. Polymerization attempts of [2] and [3] resulted in the unexpected formation of the cyclic dimers 1,1,5,5-tetranitrosyl-2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8-octaphenyl-1,5-diferra-2,4,6,8-tetraphosphacyclooctane, cyclo-[Fe(NO)₂m-DPPM]₂ [4] and 4,4,9,9-tetranitrosyl-3,3,5,5,8,8,10,10-octaphenyl-4,9-diferra-3,5,8,10-tetraphosphacyclodeca-1,6-diyne, cyclo-[Fe(NO)₂m-DPPA]₂ [5] which were characterized analogously to the complexes [1] to [3]. Crystal structures have been obtained of [2], [3], [4] and [5]. New synthetic approaches have been tested and evaluated.

4:20-4:40 Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) via Ruthenium Complexes of Chelating Diphosphines.

Dino Amoroso and Deryn Fogg*, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5.

9:30-9:50 Tin-Bridged [1]Ferrocenophanes: Synthesis, Structures and their Ring-Opening Polymerization

Frieder Jäkle, Ron Rulkens, Gernot Zech, Alan J. Lough, and Ian Manners. University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada

Thermal, anionic, and transition metal-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of strained, ring-tilted [1]ferrocenophanes represents an attractive route to a variety of high molecular weight (Mn > 105) poly(metallocenes) and related materials. Especially in respect to conductivity or hole-transport of the polymers, the introduction of heavy metals into the bridging elements of [1]ferrocenophanes is highly desirable.

This presentation gives details on the synthesis, characterization and polymerization behavior of the first [1]ferrocenophanes, FcSntBu₂ and FcSnMes₂ as well as the properties of the respective dimeric species and polyferrocenylstannanes.1 With stoichiometric amounts of Pt(1,5-cod)₂ a novel trimetallic 1-stanna-2-platina[2]-ferrocenophane is formed.

9:50-10:10 The Synthesis of a Few Early High-Late Low Oxidation State Mixed Metal Organometallic Complexes

Chantal C. Desnoyers¹, John H. Yamamoto², Gary D. Enright², Koustantin A. Udachin² and Arthur J. Carty^1,2* ¹Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6. ²Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, K1A 0R6

10:10-10:30 The Near-Ionic Model of Bonding in Main Group and Transition Metal Molecules

George L. Heard and Ronald J. Gillespie. Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 2X6

There are many examples of bond lengths in small inorganic molecules which are impossible to explain using traditional Lewis structures, the octet rule or resonance structures. The short bond to oxygen and long bonds to fluorine in COF₃^- and NOF₃, and the very long (172 pm, where twice the covalent radius for boron is 160 pm) bond between the boron atoms in B₂Cl₆.

A "near-ionic" model, based on accurate calculation of atomic charges using the theory of Atoms In Molecules will be used to explain these geometries as a consequence of close-packing of ligands around a central cation.

An extension of this theory to transition metal molecules is used to rationalise the non-VSEPR geometries of some of these species.

10:30-10:50 COFFEE BREAK

10:50-11:10 Phosphorus Atoms in Molecules: Substituted Phosphines

Maggie A. Austen and R.. F. W. Bader. Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1

Mono- and trisubstituted phosphines have been analyzed using the Theory of Atoms in Molecules. Strong substituent effects are observed on bond critical point data, and on atomic properties such as charge and volume. There is a surprisingly small substituent effect on the non-bonding region of the electron density, however small changes make significant differences in the phosphine ligand strength.

Various measures of bond order will be applied to a discussion of p-block element - phosphorus bonding. The interactions range from near ionic through polar donation complexes to fully covalent bonding. The different bonding modes can easily be seen in plots of the Laplacian (del squared rho) and are supported by other calculated properties. The Pauling electronegativities of third row elements vs. second row elements underestimate the polarity of second row - third row bonding.

11:10-11:30 Fluxionality In Indenylsilanes: An NMR Spectroscopic And X-Ray Crystallographic Investigation

Mark Stradiotto, Michael A. Brook and Michael J. McGlinchey. Department Of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1.

The use of indenylsilanes as ligands in the preparation of chiral ansa-bridged metallocenes catalyst precursors has brought about renewed interest in these, and related, organosilicon systems. Given the significant difference in reactivity between these catalyst precursors, the selective preparation of such species using diastereomerically-pure poly(1-indenyl)silanes remains an important synthetic target. Such a scenario would require that the stereochemical integrity of the ligand be maintained throughout the entire metallation procedure, and any process which might bring about loss of stereochemistry is, therefore, worthy of inquiry. Toward this end, our goal has been to gain insight into the factors which influence silicon migrations in indenylsilanes, since [1,5]-silicon shifts in these systems proceed with overall inversion of chirality at carbon, via metallo-isoindene intermediates. Our results in this area, in addition to some preliminary reactivity studies involving isoindene-tetracyanoethylene [4+2] cycloadducts, will be the focus of this presentation.

11:30-11:50 NMR Study of Paramagnetic Chloride Complexes of Ruthenium Contaning Pyridines

Stéfanie Hénault and A.L. Beauchamp. Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal (Québec), Canada, H3C 3J7.

With the goal of rationalizing the ¹H NMR data of paramagnetic complexes of ruthenium(III) with nitrogen ligands, we studied various chloro complexes contaning pyridines. The series of complexes (LH)[RuCl₄L₂], [RuCl₃L₃] and [RuCl₂L₄]Cl were prepared for pyridine and methyl derivatives. The signals of all protons can be assigned, but the interpretation is complicated by different phenomena such as signal broadening and electron exchange between Ru(II) and Ru(III) species.

11:50-12:10 Synthesis and Reactivity of Sm(II) and Sm(III) Calix-tetrapyrrole Complexes

Tiffany Dubé and Sandro Gambarotta. Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ont., K1N 6N5

The calix-tetrapyrrole ligand system has been shown to significantly enhance the reactivity of various metal centers and may thus provide a valid alternative to cyclopentadienyl derivatives which traditionally have been employed in lanthanide chemistry. We will report on the synthesis and characterization of novel Sm(II) and Sm(III) complexes based on Rn-calix-tetrapyrrole (Rn = Et₈, Cy₄). The reactivity of these systems with unsubstituted olefins in addition to their spectroscopic characterization and X-ray crystallographic analyses will be presented.

12:10-12:30 Mono- and Dinuclear Silica-supported Titanium(IV) Complexes

Abdillahi Omar Bouh, Gordon Rice and Susannah Scott* Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa